Percepción del enfermero peruano en el cuidado del paciente con covid-19 / Percepção da enfermeira peruana no cuidado de pacientes com covid-19 / Perception of the peruvian nurse in the care of the patient with covid-19

Objetivo: analizar la percepción del enfermero sobre la atención del paciente hospitalizado por COVID-19 en tres hospitales peruanos. Método: estudio descriptivo de análisis cualitativo con 47 enfermeras entrevistadas entre febrero a junio de 2021. Se utilizó la técnica del Análisis de Contenido Temático con uso del software Interface de R pour les Analyses multidimensionnelles de textes et de questionnaires. Resultados: fueron identificadas cinco clases temáticas: 1- Miedo de contagiar a los familiares con el virus de la COVID-19; 2- Frustración e impotencia de los profesionales de enfermería; 3- El papel de la enfermería: pasado, presente y futuro en el cuidado del paciente; 4- Capacitación para el establecimiento de nuevos protocolos y uso de Equipos de Protección Personal; 5- Doloroso proceso de adaptación para los profesionales de la salud. Consideraciones finales: el enfermero percibió que durante la pandemia su trabajo fue sufrido con carencias de recursos humanos, materiales y dilemas éticos.

Objetivo: analisar a percepção do enfermeiro sobre o atendimento do paciente hospitalizado por COVID-19 em três hospitais peruanos. Método: estudo descritivo de análise qualitativa com 47 enfermeiras entrevistadas entre fevereiro e junho de 2021. Utilizou-se a técnica da Análise de Conteúdo Temático com uso do software Interface de R pour les Analyses multidimensionnelles de textes et de questionnaires. Resultados: foram identificadas cinco classes temáticas: 1- Medo de contagiar os familiares com o vírus da COVID-19; 2- Frustração e impotência dos profissionais de enfermagem; 3- O papel da enfermagem: passado, presente e futuro no cuidado do paciente; 4- Capacitação para o estabelecimento de novos protocolos e uso de Equipamentos de Proteção Pessoal; 5- Doloroso processo de adaptação para os profissionais de saúde. Considerações finais: o enfermeiro percebeu que durante a pandemia seu trabalho foi sofrido com carências de recursos humanos, materiais e dilemas éticos.

Objective to analyze the perception of the nurse on the care of the patient hospitalized by COVID-19 in three Peruvian hospitals. Method: Descriptive qualitative analysis study with 47 nurses interviewed between February and June 2021. The Thematic Content Analysis technique was used using the R pour les Analyses multidimensionnelles de textes et de questionnaires. Results: five thematic classes were identified: 1- Fear of infecting relatives with the COVID-19 virus; 2- Frustration and impotence of nursing professionals; 3- The role of nursing: past, present and future in patient care; 4- Training for the establishment of new protocols and use of Personal Protection Equipment; 5- Painful adaptation process for health professionals. Final considerations: the nurse perceived that during the pandemic his work was suffered with shortages of human resources, materials and ethical dilemmas.

The Mental Health of the Peruvian Older Adult during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

During the pandemic, the elderly population was the most exposed to disease and changes in their daily lives. The objective was to determine the association between demographic factors, access to health services, sources of information, and physical symptoms in the mental health of the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic-a study with 3828 older adults residing in nine cities in Peru. The data was collected using a web-based survey, and the instruments of demographic data; exposure to information (radio, television, and internet); and presence of physical symptoms, anxiety, and perceived stress were used. Descriptive and analytical analysis was performed. Female sex, those aged between 60 and 79 years old, those with secondary education, those in their own home, those residing in an urban area, and those using public services of health predominated in this study. Likewise, 62.9% presented depressive symptoms; on the stress scale, an average of 27.81 (SD = 8.71), and on the anxiety scale, an average of 27.24 (SD = 6.04). Moreover, 65.1% reported fatigue, 62.2% had a headache, and 61.2% lack of energy. There is an association between demographic variables and the physical and psychological symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in the elderly during the pandemic.

Calidad de vida del estudiante universitario antes y durante la pandemia de Covid-19 / College student quality of life before and during the Covid-19 pandemic

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comparar la calidad de vida del estudiante universitario antes y durante la pandemia de Covid-19. Materiales y métodos: Descriptivo, prospectivo, comparativo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 390 estudiantes de una universidad pública peruana. Se aplicó el Índice de Calidad de Vida de Mezzich (Alfa de Cronbach= 0,870). Los datos fueron recogidos antes y durante la pandemia . Resultados: La edad promedio de los estudiantes fue de 19.3+1.6 años, 73 % de sexo femenino, 98,7 % solteros, 90,3 % convivía con la familia y 87,9 % no trabajaba. El 24,9 % estudiaba medicina humana, 16,7 % enfermería, 11,8 % trabajo social y el 46,6 % restante estudió otras carreras. Al comparar la calidad de vida general y sus dimensiones de los estudiantes, se encontró que durante la pandemia las puntuaciones promedio disminuyeron con diferencias estadísticas significativas, a excepción de Bienestar físico y Apoyo social-emocional. Así mismo, hubo disminución de la calidad de vida en las variables ocupación, forma de convivencia y carrera (p<0.05). Los varones obtuvieron mejores puntuaciones de calidad de vida, a excepción de la dimensión Funcionamiento interpersonal (p<0.05). Conclusiones: la calidad de vida de los estudiantes universitarios en la pandemia de Covid-19 se vio afectada en su vida personal y en su preparación como futuros profesionales, enfrentando grandes retos de adaptación; siendo las mujeres las más afectadas.

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the quality of life of the university student before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: Descriptive, prospective, comparative. The sample consisted of 390 students from a Peruvian public university. The Mezzich Quality of Life Index (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.870) was applied. The data was collected before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Results: The average age of the students was 19.3 + 1.6 years, 73 % female, 98.7 % single, 90.3 % lived with the family and 87.9% did not work. 24.9 % studied human medicine, 16.7 % nursing, 11.8 % social work and the remaining 46.6 % studied other careers. When comparing the students' general quality of life and its dimensions, it was found that during the pandemic, the average scores decreased with statistically significant differences, except for Physical well-being and Social-emotional support. Likewise, there was a decrease in the quality of life in the variable's occupation, the form of coexistence, and career (p <0.05). Men obtained better quality of life scores except for the Interpersonal Functioning dimension (p <0.05). Conclusions: the quality of life of university students in the Covid-19 pandemic was affected in their personal life and their preparation as future professionals, facing great adaptation challenges, with women being the most affected.

Características clínicas, comorbilidad y variables de laboratorio asociadas a la hospitalización y mortalidad de personas mayores con Covid-19: Una revisión sistemática

Objetivo: Caracterizar indicadores clínicos, comorbilidad y variables de laboratorio asociadas a la hospitalización y mortalidad de personas mayores con Covid-19. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de acuerdo con la declaración PRISMA, en las bases de datos Medline/Pubmed, Science Direct y WOS, en la que se aplicaron estrategias de búsquedas específicas para artículos y estudios que fueron publicados desde el periodo de tiempo comprendido entre el 1 de enero de 2020 hasta el 26 de noviembre de 2020. Resultados: Se identificaron 28 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de selección, con una suma del tamaño muestral de los estudios incluidos de 581 319 sujetos (55.1 % mujeres). De los factores analizados, un estado funcional óptimo, el sexo femenino, el recuento de linfocitos, el uso de anticoagulantes de manera curativa y los niveles de albúmina sérica, se han asociado a un mejor pronóstico clínico en adultos mayores de 65 años. Conclusiones: Se encontraron características clínicas, de comorbilidad y variables de laboratorio asociadas a la hospitalización y morbilidad.

Objective: To characterize clinical indicators, comorbidity and laboratory variables associated with hospitalization and mortality in older people with Covid-19. Materials and methods: A systematic review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA statement, in the Medline/Pubmed, Science databases. Direct and WOS, in which specific search strategies were applied to articles and studies that were published from the period of time between January 1, 2020 and November 26, 2020. Results: 28 articles were identified that met the the selection criteria, with a sum of the sample size of the included studies of 581,319 subjects (55.1% women). Of the factors analyzed, optimal functional status, female gender, lymphocyte count, curative use of anticoagulants, and serum albumin levels have been associated with a better clinical prognosis in adults older than 65 years. Conclusions: Clinical characteristics, comorbidity and laboratory variables associated with hospitalization and morbidity were found.

Development and Validation of a Novel Ultra-Compact and Cost-Effective Device for Basic Hands-On CPR Training: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled, Blinded Trial.

To examine the performance of a novel low-cost, ultra-compact, and attractive auditory feedback device for training laypeople in external chest compressions (ECCs), we conducted a quasi-experimental cross-sectional study from September to November 2021 at the Faculty of Nursing of Albacete, University of Castille-La Mancha, Spain. The ECC sequence was performed in the laboratory with the new device for basic hands-on CPR training. Results: One hundred college students were included in this study. The compression rate/min with the new device was 97.6, and the adequate %ECC was 52.4. According to the status of body mass index (BMI) and muscle strength of the upper limbs in the bivariate analysis, it was observed that the new device discriminated between those who performed correct ECCs according to their BMI and muscle strength and those who did not, which led to significantly influenced results in terms of the percentage of ECCs with correct depth. Conclusions: The new ultra-compact auditory feedback device "Salvando a Llanetes®" demonstrated utility for teaching and learning ECCs in basic CPR. We can affirm that the analyzed device is an adequate, safe and economical method for teaching "CPR Hands-Only™" to the general population.

Development and semantic validation of an instrument for the assessment of knowledge and attitudes towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: Develop and semantically validate an instrument to assess the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). METHODS: Validation study of an instrument to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents towards CPR, developed in three phases: (i) development of the evaluation instruments by the authors; (ii) content validation performed by 14 expert judges in the area using the content validity index for analysis; and (iii) semantic validation carried out with the participation of 30 adolescents between 11 and 13 years old. RESULTS: In the content validation, the questions on CPR knowledge obtained a content validity index (CVI) between 0.92 and 1.00, with a general index of 0.98; and the questions about attitudes obtained an IVC between 0.85 and 1.00, with a general index also of 0.98. Regarding semantic validation, three questions were modified in the knowledge assessment instruments and five in the attitude assessment instrument. CONCLUSIONS: Semantic and content validation of the instruments studied showed that they are suitable for assessing the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents related to CPR, so their use is recommended in the evaluation of training actions in this population group.

Personal de enfermería contagiado por COVID-19: condiciones de trabajo y sus factores asociados en tres hospitales de Lima-Perú / Nursing personnel infected by COVID-19: working conditions and their associated factors in three hospitals in Lima-Peru

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de la COVID-19 en el personal de enfermería, las condiciones de trabajo y sus factores asociados en tres hospitales de Lima-Perú.Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal del tipo web-survey realizado entre los meses de noviembre 2020 a febrero de 2021 con la participación de 495 integrantes del personal de enfermería de tres hospitales públicos de la ciudad de Lima. Resultados: El 63% de los participantes fueron del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, 20% del Hospital San Isidro Labrador, y 17% del Hospital II Vitarte. La prevalencia de la COVID-19 en el personal de enfermería fue de 47.3%. Al analizar las características demográficas de los participantes se evidenció asociación significativa de la variable escolaridad con la enfermedad (OR=1.50, p=0.04), mostrando que los que cuentan con estudios superiores tienen 1.5 veces mayor probabilidad de desarrollar la COVID-19 frente a los que poseen estudios de posgrado; las variables relacionadas con las condiciones de trabajo y factores de riesgo no evidenciaron asociación significativa (p>0.05) con la enfermedad. Conclusiones: A excepción de la escolaridad no existe evidencia suficiente para afirmar asociación significativa de la COVID-19 con las características demográficas, las variables relacionadas al trabajo y las consideradas como riesgo. La investigación aporta contribuciones importantes a la práctica, la investigación y la docencia en enfermería. (AU)

Objective: To determinate the prevalence of COVID-19 in the nursing personnel, working conditions, and their associated factors in three hospitals in Lima-Peru. Method: A quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study of the web survey was carried out between November 2020 and February 2021 with 495 nursing personnel members from the three public hospitals in Lima.Results: 63% of the participants were from the Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital, 20% from the San Isidro Labrador Hospital, and 17% from the II Vitarte Hospital. The prevalence of COVID-19 in the nursing personnel was 47.3%. When analyzing the demographic characteristics of the participants, a significant association of the education variable with the disease was evidenced (OR=1.50, p =0.04), showing that those with higher education are 1.5 times more likely to develop COVID-19 compared to those with postgraduate studies; the variables related to working conditions and risk factors did not show a significant association (p>0.05) with the disease. Conclusions: Except for education, there is insufficient evidence to affirm a significant association of COVID-19 with demographic characteristics, work-related variables, and those considered a risk. This research makes significant contributions to nursing practice, research, and teaching. (AU)

Development and semantic validation of an instrument for the assessment of knowledge and attitudes towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adolescents / Desarrollo y validación semántica de un instrumento para la evaluación en adolescentes de los conocimientos y actitudes hacia la Resucitación cardiopulmonar / Desenvolvimento e validação semântica de um instrumento para a avaliação em adolescentes dos conhecimentos e atitudes para a Ressuscitação cardiopulmonar

Objective. Develop and semantically validate an instrument to assess the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)..Methods. Validation study of an instrument to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents towards CPR, developed in three phases: (i) development of the evaluation instruments by the authors; (ii) content validation performed by 14 expert judges in the area using the content validity index for analysis; and (iii) semantic validation carried out with the participation of 30 adolescents between 11 and 13 years old. Results. In the content validation, the questions on CPR knowledge obtained a content validity index (CVI) between 0.92 and 1.00, with a general index of 0.98; and the questions about attitudes obtained an IVC between 0.85 and 1.00, with a general index also of 0.98. Regarding semantic validation, three questions were modified in the knowledge assessment instruments and five in the attitude assessment instrument. Conclusion. Semantic and content validation of the instruments studied showed that they are suitable for assessing the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents related to CPR, so their use is recommended in the evaluation of training actions in this population group.

Objetivo. Desarrollar y validar semánticamente un instrumento para evaluar los conocimientos y las actitudes de adolescentes hacia la resucitación cardiopulmonar (RCP). Métodos. Estudio de validación de un instrumento para evaluar los conocimientos y las actitudes de adolescentes hacia la RCP que se desarrolló en tres fases: (i) desarrollo de los instrumentos de evaluación por parte de los autores; (ii) validación de contenido realizada por 14 jueces expertos en el área utilizando el índice de validez de contenido para el análisis; y (iii) validación semántica realizada con la participación de 30 adolescentes, entre los 11 y 13 años. Resultados. En la validación de contenido, las preguntas sobre conocimientos de RCP obtuvieron un índice de validez de contenido (IVC) entre 0.92 y 1.00, con índice general de 0.98; y las preguntas sobre actitudes obtuvieron un IVC entre 0.85 a 1.00, con un índice general también de 0.98. En cuanto a la validación semántica, se modificaron tres preguntas en los instrumentos de evaluación de conocimientos y cinco en el instrumento de evaluación de actitudes. Conclusión. La validación semántica y de contenido de los instrumentos estudiados mostraron que son adecuados para la valoración de conocimientos y actitudes de los adolescentes relacionados con la RCP, por lo que se recomienda su uso en la evaluación de acciones formativas en este grupo poblacional.

Objetivo. Desenvolver e validar semanticamente um instrumento para avaliar os conhecimentos e as atitudes de adolescentes para a ressuscitação cardiopulmonar (RCP). Métodos. Estudo de validação de um instrumento para avaliar os conhecimentos e as atitudes de adolescentes para a RCP que se desenvolveu em três fases: (i) desenvolvimento dos instrumentos de avaliação por parte dos autores; (ii) validação de conteúdo realizada por 14 juízes especialistas na área utilizando o índice de validez de conteúdo para a análise; e (iii) validação semântica realizada com a participação de 30 adolescentes de entre 11 e 13 anos. Resultados. Na validação de conteúdo, as perguntas sobre conhecimentos de RCP obtiveram um índice de validez de conteúdo (IVC) entre 0.92 e 1.00, com índice geral de 0.98; e as perguntas sobre atitudes obtiveram um IVC entre 0.85 a 1.00, com um índice geral também de 0.98. Enquanto à validação semântica, se modificaram três perguntas nos instrumentos de avaliação de conhecimentos e cinco no instrumento de avaliação de atitudes. Conclusão. A validação semântica e de conteúdo dos instrumentos estudados mostraram que são adequados para a valoração de conhecimentos e atitudes dos adolescentes relacionados com a RCP, por isso se recomenda seu uso na avaliação de ações formativas neste grupo populacional.

Participación social y capacidad cognitiva del adulto mayor con enfermedad crónica / Social Participation and Cognitive Capacity of the Older Adult with Chronic Disease

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre la capacidad cognitiva y la participación social del adulto mayor con enfermedad crónica. Metodología: Estudio observacional, muestra de 1110 personas adultas mayores que representan a las 12 provincias de la región La Libertad (Perú). Se utilizó el Instrumento Evaluación Cognitiva, Modificada Minimental State Examination (MMSE) y el Instrumento de Participación Social. Resultados: La evaluación cognitiva sugiere deterioro del 6,4 % y valores de normalidad cognitiva del 93,6 %. Se encontró una relación significativa entre el estado cognitivo con el género y la edad P < 0. 001. Las principales enfermedades encontradas fueron: Hipertensión arterial (55,3 %), artritis (38,1 %) y diabetes mellitus (16 %). La participación social en su mayoría fue regular (62.2 %), buena (19,5 %) y deficiente (18.4 %). Se encontró significancia estadística entre participación social y cognición. Conclusiones: La participación social y el estado cognitivo respalda la salud positiva, brinda compromiso o flujo de experiencias que son intrínsecamente satisfactorias, transmitiendo un sentido del propósito y la oportunidad de relaciones sociales positivas, contribuyendo así a disminuir el riesgo de muerte a todas las edades. El compromiso social e intelectual va unido a una buena salud autopercibida y objetiva, así como a un buen funcionamiento cognitivo.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association between cognitive capacity and social participation of older adults with chronic diseases. Methodology: Observational study, sample of 1110 older adults, representing the 12 provinces of the La Libertad Region, Peru. The Cognitive Assessment Instrument was used, Modified Minimental State Examination (MMSE), and the Social Participation Instrument. Results: In the cognitive evaluation, 6.4% suggested deterioration, and 93.6%, cognitive normality values. A significant relationship between cognitive status, gender, and age was found P <0.001. The main diseases were arterial hypertension (55.3%), arthritis (38.1%), and diabetes mellitus (16%). Most of the Social Participation was regular (62.2%); good had 19.5%, and poor, 18.4%. There was statistical significance between social participation and cognition. Conclusions: Social participation and cognitive status support positive health, provide commitment or flow of experiences that are intrinsically satisfying, conveying a sense of purpose, and the opportunity for positive social relationships, helping reduce the risk of death at all ages. Social and intellectual commitment go hand in hand with good self-perceived and objective health, and good cognitive functioning.

Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Health Sciences Students in the Amazonia Region of Peru.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate 199 health sciences students in the city of Iquitos. Their socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle, level of physical activity, type of food, substance abuse, and prevalence of overweight and obesity were ascertained using purpose-validated questionnaires, i.e., the Systematic Alcohol Consumption Interview (Interrogatorio Sistematizado de Consumos Alcohólicos/ISCA), a questionnaire on the frequency of dietary intake (CFCA), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and anthropometric measurements. The prevalence of overweight (body mass index (BMI) of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) was 26.5% (95% CI = 19.9-33.0%) and that of obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) was 7.9% (95% CI = 3.8-12.1%). A total of 34.4% of students (95% CI = 27.4-41.4%) presented with a BMI > 25 kg/m2. The frequency of overweight was significantly higher in persons aged over 20 years (OR = 2.5) and smokers (OR = 3.2), and the frequency of obesity was significantly higher in older students (OR = 4.1) and males (OR = 5.5). In conclusion, a considerable proportion of health sciences students in the Amazonia region presented with a high BMI. The proportion of students with overweight was higher among students aged over 20 years and smokers, while that of obesity was also higher among males. In the university setting, the development of more overweight- and obesity-preventive activities and educational interventions would therefore be desirable.

Hospital care for elderly COVID-19 patients.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the newspaper articles on hospital care for elderly COVID-19 patients in online newspapers. METHOD: documentary, retrospective, descriptive and exploratory research. The data were collected from articles published on open-access websites of 12 newspapers from the following countries: Brazil, Spain, United States, France, Italy and Portugal. RESULTS: out of 4,220 newspaper articles identified in this regard, 101 were selected after applying the inclusion criteria, the majority coming from Italy. The data analysis revealed three thematic categories: the care for patients with COVID-19 in the health system; the work process of the health team and its concern with contagion; and ethical dilemma in care for the elderly during hospitalization. CONCLUSION: the COVID-19 pandemic presented itself quickly and was widely reported in all countries. The health systems need to reorganize for care to the global population, especially the elderly, considering their weaknesses and also the lack of prior professional training to offer care to this population.

Cognición y capacidad funcional en el adulto mayor / Cognition and Functional Capacity in the Elderly Adult

RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar la relación entre cognición y capacidad funcional en el adulto mayor. Método: Investigación descriptiva transversal, correlacional, realizada en 2015-2016 en La Libertad (Perú) con 1110 adultos mayores de 60 años y más, ambos sexos, aptos o no física y mentalmente, quienes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y aceptaron voluntariamente participar en el estudio. Se midieron las variables cognición con el Minimental State Examination (MMSE) de Folstein y cols, la capacidad funcional con el indice de Katz para actividades básicas de la vida diaria (ABVD) y la escala de Lawton y Brody para las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria (AIVD). Recolectada la información, se hizo un análisis bivariado para determinar la relación entre las variables utilizando la prueba chi cuadrado. Resultados: El mayor porcentaje (22.7%) de los adultos fue 60-64 años, 58.8% mujeres, 47.4% con instrucción primaria, 93.6 % cognición normal, y 83,4 y 60 % fueron independientes en actividades básicas de la vida diaria y en actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria, respectivamente. Existe relación altamente significativa entre cognición y capacidad funcional de las actividades básicas de la vida diaria (x2=206.0 valor p= 0.000) y actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria (x2=289.0 valor p= 0.000). Conclusiones: Existe una íntima relación entre la cognición y la capacidad funcional a través de las actividades de la vida diaria determinantes importantes para el envejecimiento saludable y bienestar en la vejez, y para enfermería son desafíos promover y/o mantener estos determinantes al nivel más alto posible.

SUMMARY Objective: To determine the relationship between cognition and functional capacity in the elderly. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive, correlational research conducted in 2015-2016 in La Libertad (Peru) with 1110 adults over 60 years of age and older, both sexes, physically or mentally fit or not. who met the inclusion criteria and voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. The variables were measured: cognition with the Minols State Examination (MMSE) of Folstein and cols., and the functional capacity with the Katz index for basic activities of daily living (ABVD) and the Lawton and Brody scale for activities instruments of daily life (AIVD). Once the information was collected, a bivariate analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the variables using the chi-square test. Results: The highest percentage (22.7 %) of the elderly were 60-64 years old, 58.8 % women, 47.4 % with primary education, 93.6 % normal cognition, and 83.4 % and 60 % were independent in basic life activities daily, and in instrumental activities of daily life, respectively. There is a highly significant relationship between cognition and functional capacity of the basic activities of daily life (x2 = 206.0 p-value = 0.000) and instrumental activities of daily life (x2 = 289.0 p-value = 0.000). Conclusions: There is an intimate relationship between cognition and functional capacity through the activities of daily life important determinants for healthy aging and well-being in old age, and for nursing it is challenges to promote and / or maintain these determinants at the highest possible level.

Hospital care for elderly COVID-19 patients / Atendimento hospitalar ao idoso com COVID-19 / Atención hospitalaria al adulto mayor con COVID-19

Objective: to analyze the newspaper articles on hospital care for elderly COVID-19 patients in online newspapers. Method: documentary, retrospective, descriptive and exploratory research. The data were collected from articles published on open-access websites of 12 newspapers from the following countries: Brazil, Spain, United States, France, Italy and Portugal. Results: out of 4,220 newspaper articles identified in this regard, 101 were selected after applying the inclusion criteria, the majority coming from Italy. The data analysis revealed three thematic categories: the care for patients with COVID-19 in the health system; the work process of the health team and its concern with contagion; and ethical dilemma in care for the elderly during hospitalization. Conclusion: the COVID-19 pandemic presented itself quickly and was widely reported in all countries. The health systems need to reorganize for care to the global population, especially the elderly, considering their weaknesses and also the lack of prior professional training to offer care to this population.

Objetivo: analisar as matérias jornalísticas sobre o atendimento hospitalar aos idosos com COVID-19 nos veículos de comunicação online. Método: pesquisa documental, retrospectiva, descritiva e exploratória. Os dados foram coletados de matérias publicadas em websites de acesso livre de 12 jornais dos seguintes países: Brasil, Espanha, Estados Unidos, França, Itália e Portugal. Resultados: do total de 4.220 matérias jornalísticas identificadas a esse respeito, 101 foram selecionadas após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, a maioria proveniente da Itália. A análise dos dados revelou três categorias temáticas: O atendimento ao paciente com COVID-19 no sistema de saúde; Processo de trabalho da equipe de saúde e sua preocupação com o contágio; e Dilema ético no atendimento ao idoso durante a internação hospitalar. Conclusão: a pandemia da COVID-19 se apresentou de forma rápida e foi bastante noticiada em todos os países. É necessário que os sistemas de saúde se reorganizem para o atendimento à população mundial, sobretudo ao idoso, considerando suas fragilidades e também a ausência de capacitação profissional prévia para oferecer assistência a essa população.

Objetivo: analizar las noticias periodísticas sobre la atención hospitalaria a los adultos mayores con COVID-19 en los medios de comunicación on-line. Método: estudio documental, retrospectivo, descriptivo y exploratorio. Los datos fueron recolectados de materias publicadas en las páginas web de libre acceso de 12 periódicos de Brasil, España, Estados Unidos, Francia, Italia y Portugal. Resultados: de 4,220 noticias periodísticas identificadas sobre el tema de estudio, 101 fueron seleccionados posterior a los criterios de inclusión, siendo la mayoría de Italia. Al análisis de los datos se identificó tres categorías temáticas: La atención al paciente con COVID-19 en el sistema de salud; Proceso del trabajo del equipo de salud y su preocupación al contagio y Dilema ético en la atención al adulto mayor durante su hospitalización. Conclusión: la pandemia de COVID-19 se presentó de forma rápida y fue difundida en todos los países. Es necesario que los sistemas de salud se reorganicen para la atención de la población en el mundo, especialmente al adulto mayor, tomando en cuenta su fragilidad y también la ausencia de una previa capacitación profesional para ofrecer atención a esta población.

Diagnósticos de enfermería en pacientes con politraumatismo: variables asociadas / Nursing diagnostics in patients with polythraumatism: associated variables

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar las variables asociadas a los diagnósticos de enfermería en pacientes con politraumatismo atendidos en emergencia. Método: Diseño descriptivo correlaciona!; la muestra estuvo conformada por 105 pacientes a quienes se aplicó un cuestionario de variables sociodemográficas y clínicas y una lista de cotejo "Diagnósticos de enfermería de los pacientes con politraumatismo" (confiabilidad 0,94). Resultados: La mayoría de pacientes fueron varones jóvenes, solteros, con estudios secundarios y trabajo independiente. La mediana del tiempo de estancia fue de 4 horas. La causa más frecuente del politraumatismo fueron los accidentes de tránsito; predominó el politraumatismo leve. Se identificaron 12 diagnósticos de enfermería reales que corresponden a seis dominios, siendo los más afectados el dominio Confort (97,1 % Dolor Agudo), Afrontamiento/tolerancia al estrés (89,5 % Ansiedad), Actividad/reposo (58 % Deterioro de la movilidad física). Respecto a los diagnósticos de riesgo, el dominio más afectado fue Seguridad/protección (Riesgo de Infección y Riesgo de disfunción neurovascular periférica). Conclusiones: La frecuencia cardiaca fue la variable que mostró mayor fuerza de asociación y directa con el número de diagnósticos(r=0,506). El diagnóstico disminución del gasto cardiaco correlacionó en forma positiva con todos los diagnósticos de enfermería identificados, siendo más fuerte y directa con los diagnósticos patrón respiratorio ineficaz (r=0,783) y deterioro de la ventilación espontanea (r=0,748).

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the variables associated with nursing diagnoses in patients with polytrauma treated in an emergency. Method: correlational descriptive design; the sample consisted of 105 patients to whom a questionnaire of sociodemographic and clinical variables was applied and a checklist "Nursing diagnoses of patients with polytrauma" (reliability 0.94). Results: The majority of patients were young, single men, with secondary education and independent work. The median time of stay was 04 hours. The most frequent cause of polytrauma was traffic accidents, mild polytraumatism predominated. Twelve real nursing diagnoses were identified corresponding to six domains, the most affected being the Comfort domain (97.1% "Acute Pain"), Coping / stress tolerance (89.5 % "Anxiety"), Activity / rest ( 58 % "Impaired physical mobility"). Regarding the risk diagnoses, the most affected domain was Safety / Protection ("Risk of Infection" and "Risk of peripheral neurovascular dysfunction"). Conclusions: The heart rate was the variable that showed greater association and direct strength with the number of diagnoses (r = 0.506). The diagnosis "decrease in cardiac output" correlated positively with all the nursing diagnoses identified, being stronger and more direct with the diagnoses "ineffective respiratory pattern" (r = 0.783) and "deterioration of spontaneous ventilation" (r = 0.748).

Impacto emocional en el camino de aprender a vivir con "la diabetes" / Emotional impact on the way to learn to live with the illness, "la diabetes"

Resumen Objetivo: Describir, interpretar y analizar los sentimientos de las personas con diabetes en el transcurrir de su enfermedad. Método: Estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico; se realizó en el Hospital Chepén (La Libertad, Perú) a 10 personas entre 50 y 70 años, determinado por la saturación del discurso y que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los datos fueron recolectados con entrevista a profundidad. Se consideran tres momentos: descripción, reducción y comprensión, que incluye el análisis ideográfico y nomotético hasta llegar a generalidades. Resultados: Se generaron cuatro unidades de significado principales de acuerdo al mayor número de convergencias: sufrimiento, miedo, resignación y fe en Dios, que se agruparon en dos grandes unidades: "viviendo con sufrimiento y miedo para aceptar mi enfermedad" y" teniendo resignación y fe en Dios para aprender a vivir con mi enfermedad". También expresaron cólera, soledad, autoconfianza, desesperanza, culpabilidad, negación, sensibilidad, envidia y alegría, que indican la develación y comprensión del fenómeno vivenciado por las personas con diabetes. Conclusiones: En la convivencia con una enfermedad crónica todos enfrentan el duelo como proceso natural necesario, que causa principalmente sufrimiento, miedo que culmina con la aceptación, pero cuando dicho proceso no es satisfactorio se opta por la resignación; de ahí la importancia para enfermería de tomar en cuenta el universo emocional del paciente para comprenderlo, poniéndose en su lugar y ayudarlo a que aprenda a vivir con su enfermedad y mejorar su calidad de vida.

Abstract Objective: To describe, interpret and analyze the feelings of people with diabetes in the course of their illness. Method: A qualitative, phenomenological study was conducted at the Chepén Hospital (La Libertad, Peru), on 10 people between 50 and 70 years old, determined by speech saturation and who met the inclusion criteria. The data collected was with an in-depth interview. Three moments are considered: description, reduction and comprehension that includes the ideographic and nomothetic analysis reaching generalities. Results: four main units of meanings were generated according to the greatest number of convergences: suffering, fear, resignation and faith in God, which were grouped into two main units of meanings: "living with suffering and fear to accept my illness" and "having resignation and faith in God to learn to live with my disease". They also expressed anger, loneliness, self-confidence, hopelessness, guilt, denial, sensitivity, envy and joy, indicating the unveiling and understanding of the phenomenon experienced by people with diabetes. Conclusions: In cohabitation with a chronic illness, all face bereavement as a necessary natural process, which causes mainly suffering, fear that culminates with acceptance, but when this process is not satisfactory the person chooses resignation, hence the importance for nursing take into account the emotional universe of the patient to understand it, putting themselves in his place and helping him to learn to live with his illness and improve his quality of life.

Relación entre variables demográficas y prácticas de autocuidado del adulto mayor con diabetes mellitus / Relationship between demographic variables and self-caring practices of the elderly adult with diabetes mellitus

Resumen Objectivo: Determinar la relación entre las variables demográficas y las prácticas de autocuidado del adulto mayor con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, correlacional realizado en consultorios del Hospital Tomás La Fora Guadalupe (La Libertad, Perú), con 100 adultos mayores de 60 años y más, quienes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y aceptaron voluntariamente participar en el estudio. Se midieron las variables demográficas y se utilizó la encuesta de prácticas de autocuidado del adulto mayor con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Recolectada la información, se hizo un análisis bivariado para determinar la relación entre las variables demográficas y el nivel de prácticas de autocuidado, utilizando como herramienta estadística la prueba chi cuadrado. Resultados: El mayor porcentaje de población se ubicó entre 66-70 años de edad (37 %), mujeres el 55 %; el mayor grado de instrucción fue primaria con 71 %; el mayor tiempo de enfermedad fue de 5 años y más y el 55 % tuvo un nivel de autocuidado bueno. Existe relación significativa entre el grado de instrucción (X2 = 29.118 Valor p= 0.000) y tiempo de enfermedad (X2 =21.596 Valor p= 0.000) con el nivel de prácticas de autocuidado y no hay significancia entre edad y sexo. Conclusiones: Los adultos mayores presentaron buena práctica de autocuidado, pero no lo suficiente para garantizar un buen manejo de su enfermedad, de ahí que para enfermería se convierte en un reto potenciar las capacidades para empoderarlos y ser agentes de su propio cuidado, considerando sobre todo el grado de instrucción y el tiempo de enfermedad.

Abstract Objective: To determine the relationship between demographic variables and self-care practices of the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: quantitative, descriptive, correlational study carried out in the offices of Tomas La Fora Guadalupe Hospital (La Libertad, Peru), with 100 adults older than 60 years and older, who met the inclusion criteria and voluntarily accepted to participate in the study. The demographic variables were measured and the survey of self-care practices of the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus was used. Once the information was collected, a bivariate analysis was carried out to determine the relationship between the demographic variables and the level of self-care practices; using the chi square test as a statistical tool. Results: The highest percentage of the population was between 66-70 years of age (37 %), women 55 %, the highest level of education was primary with 71 %, the longest time of illness was 5 years and more and 55 % had a good level of self-care. There is a significant relationship between the level of instruction (X2 = 29.118 Value p = 0.000) and time of illness (X2 = 21.596 Value p = 0.000) with the level of self-care practices and there is no significance between age and sex. Conclusions: Older adults presented a good practice of self-care, but not enough to guarantee good management of their disease. Therefore, for nursing it becomes a challenge to strengthen the capacities to empower them and be agents of their own care considering above all the degree of instruction and sick time.

Caracterización del estado de salud de los adultos mayores en la región La Libertad (Perú) / Characterization of the health status of the elderly in the region La Libertad (Peru)

Resumen Objetivo: Caracterizar el estado de salud de los adultos mayores en la región La Libertad (Perú). Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio, transversal. Se utilizaron las escalas de valoración Minimental State Examination (MMSE), The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF), Geriatric Oral Health Assessment, Index (GOHAI), Functional Assessment Stages (Fast), Escala de Depresión de Yesavage Y Sheikh, Test de Morisky Green, Índice de Katz y Escala de Lawton para actividades de la vida diaria. Se aplicó en las 12 provincias de la región La Libertad. Muestra de 1110 adultos mayores. Resultados: Este artículo presenta solo una parte de los resultados obtenidos en la investigación realizada con los adultos mayores en la región la Libertad - Perú. El 93,6 % presentó cognición normal. La mayoría percibió su salud como regular. Actividad física adecuada 18,3-27,7 %. Estado nutricional normal 61,1%. Necesitan atención oral 39,7 %. Satisfecho sexualmente 41,9 %. Sus valores más importantes son amor y respeto y 73,3 % está preparado para morir. Vacunados contra influenza 50,5 %. No realizan mamografía ni Papanicolaou 76 % y 70,9 % y un 65 % de varones no realizó examen de próstata. Presentan enfermedad 67,6 %, siendo las principales hipertensión arterial, artritis y diabetes mellitus. Sufrieron caídas 30,5 %. Incontinencia urinaria en mujeres 36,3 %-45,6 % y varones 30%-49%. Depresión 28,9 %. Polifarmacia 35 %. Independientes en actividades básicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria 83,4 % y 60 %, respectivamente. No tienen seguro de salud 20,7 %. Conclusiones: Los problemas más importantes se evidencian en inadecuada actividad física, riesgo/malanutrición, escasa cobertura de vacunas y detección de cáncer de mama, cuello uterino y próstata. La hipertensión arterial, artritis y diabetes mellitus poco controladas con significativa presencia de polifarmacia y la no tenencia de seguro de salud.

Abstract Objective: to characterize the health status of older adults in the La Libertad (Peru) region. Materials and methods: Quantitative, descriptive, exploratory, cross-sectional study. Valuation scales were used: Minimental State Examination (MMSE), The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF) (GOHAI), Functional Assessment Stages (Fast), Yesavage and Sheikh Depression Scale, Morisky Green Test, Katz Index, and Lawton Scale for activities of daily living. It was applied in the 12 provinces of the region La Libertad. Sample of 1110. Results: This article presents only a part of the results obtained in the research carried out with older adults in the La Libertad - Peru region.93.6 % presented normal cognition. Most perceived their health as regular. Adequate physical activity 18.3-27.7 %. Normal nutritional status 61.1 %. They need oral attention 39.7 %. Satisfied sexually 41.9 %. Their most important values are love and respect and 73.3 % are prepared to die. Vaccinated against influenza 50.5 %. They did not perform mammography or Papanicolaou 76 % and 70.9 % and 65 % of men did not perform prostate examination. They present disease 67.6 % being the main hypertension, arthritis and diabetes mellitus. They suffered falls 30.5 %. Urinary incontinence in women 36.3 % -45.6 % and men 30 % -49 %. Depression 28.9 %. Polypharmacy 35%. Independent in basic and instrumental activities of daily life 83.4 % and 60 % respectively. They do not have health insurance 20.7 %. Conclusions: The most important problems are evidenced by inadequate physical activity, risk / malanutrition, poor coverage of vaccines and detection of breast, cervical, and prostate cancer. Arterial hypertension, arthritis and diabetes mellitus poorly controlled with significant presence of polypharmacy and non-possession of health insurance.

El cotidiano del cuidador familiar del adulto mayor con dependencia: reconfi gurando el espacio / Everyday family caregiver of older adults with dependence: reconfi guring space

Introducción: El cuidador familiar de un adulto mayor dependiente, al brindar cuidados durante las 24 horas del día, se enfrenta a situaciones complejas que pueden deteriorar su salud. Objetivos: Describir, analizar e interpretar el cotidiano del cuidador familiar del adulto mayor con dependencia. Metodología: Es una investigación de abordaje cualitativo; se realizó con ocho cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores con dependencia. La información se obtuvo a través de entrevistas a profundidad con un cuestionario de preguntas semiestructuradas. Se realizó análisis temático según Minayo, a partir del que se construyeron las categorías y subcategorías de las unidades temáticas. Resultados: Emergieron dos categorías: “tiempo y espacio síntesis de lo vivido”, y “simbolizando el cuidado”. En el presente artículo se describe la subcategoría “reconfi gurando el espacio” de la categoría “tiempo y espacio síntesis de lo vivido”. Conclusiones: Los discursos refl ejaron que el cuidador familiar en su cotidiano se enfrenta a diversas situaciones, como compartir el espacio con el adulto mayor, así como introducir diferentes objetos como equipo médico y ayudas técnicas para poder brindar un cuidado seguro

Introduction: A family caregiver of a dependent elder providing care for 24 hours a day faces complex situations that can damage his/her health. Objective: To describe, analyze and interpret the day-today of a family caregiver of a dependent elder. Methodology: A qualitative research approach was conducted with eight family caregivers of older adults with dependence. The information was obtained through in-depth interviews with a questionnaire of semi-structured questions. Thematic analysis was performed according to Minayo, from which the categories and sub-categories of thematic units were built. Results: Two categories emerged: “time and space synthesis of lived experience”, and “symbolizing care”. The present article describes the subcategory “reconfi guring space” of the category “time and space synthesis of lived experience”. Conclusions: The speeches refl ected that the family caregiver faces various situations in his/her day-to day, such as sharing space with the elder, as well as introducing different objects such as medical equipment and assistive devices to provide safe care